Tyre pyrolysis is an innovative process that transforms waste tires into valuable resources, addressing environmental concerns associated with tire disposal. This comprehensive guide delves into the mechanics of the pyrolysis process, its benefits, and its role in sustainable waste management.

Tyre pyrolysis is one of the popular methods used to manage tyre waste. Over 1.6 billion new tyres are generated annually, and around 1 billion of waste tyres are generated. Have you ever wondered how these one billion waste tires are managed? Tyres have a lengthy lifespan and cannot biodegrade, making tyre disposal a problematic task. Stockpiling, illegal dumping, and landfilling have all been conventional methods of disposing of used tyres. But these are all temporary fixes! And when it comes to recycling used tyres, there are three main methods: 

• ambient mechanical grinding, 
• cryogenic grinding, and 
• tyre pyrolysis. 

In this article, we will discuss tyre pyrolysis in detail.

Tyre Pyrolysis is a thermal conversion of materials at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere. Tyre Pyrolysis can be obtained through thermal or catalytic pathways. Thermal pyrolysis is known for its high operating temperature, reaction time, and low oil quality. Catalytic pyrolysis of the used tyre has been developed with a catalyst to overcome the difficulties associated with thermal pyrolysis. In fact, 60% to 80% of the used tyres can be converted into pyro-oil through catalytic pyrolysis, comparable to diesel fuel. As a result, the created pyro-oil is of higher quality and may produce valuable compounds used as feedstock in chemical processes and energy-related applications like producing electricity, fuel for transportation, and a heat source.

Parameters that influence the yield of tyre pyrolysis products 

The distribution of gas, liquid, and solid phase pyrolysis products and their physical and chemical characteristics are influenced mainly by temperature. Other essential variables include-

• the heating rate, 
• the particle size, 
• the feedstock composition, 
• the pyrolysis time and 
• tyre residence time, 
• the carrier gas flow rate and volatiles residence time, 
• the atmospheric pressure and 
• type (including the presence of steam in the carrier gas) of the tyre
• the presence of a catalyst.  

We will discuss temperature and catalyst parameters in detail, essential in the Tyre pyrolysis process.

Tyre pyrolysis temperature

The pyrolysis temperature must be high enough to thermally breakdown the tyres; however, higher temperatures and prolonged gas residence durations in the reactor hot zone can cause the oil to volatilize into gas. Thus, an optimal temperature exists for maximizing oil production. Since oil is the most valuable product, maximizing oil output is usually the aim. 

The studies show that the optimal temperatures for tyre pyrolysis oil production range from 425 °C to 720 °C, with maximum yields falling between 38% and 60%. Likely, variations in heating rate, gas residence time, reactor type, tyre mass flow rate, and tyre particle size are to account for this significant variation in ideal temperatures and maximum yields. These secondary variables can significantly affect secondary reactions that change liquid chemicals into gases or solid compounds into gases.

The catalyst used in tyre pyrolysis

The pyrolysis rate, oil quality, oil yield, and yields of chemicals like aromatics for chemical synthesis can all be improved by catalysts. Dung et al. (2009) employed ITQ-21 and ITQ-24 as additions to commercial HMOR zeolite for catalytic pyrolysis of waste tyres to increase pyrolysis rate and oil quality. They demonstrated how the catalyst-to-tire ratio affects the pyrolytic oil’s ability to produce gasoline, kerosene, and asphaltenes. 

Expanded perlite, a volcanic rock primarily composed of silica and alumina, was heated to 850–1000 °C by Kar (2011) to form a porous catalyst support. Metals were added to the support to act as catalysts, with a perlite-to-waste tyre ratio of 0.10. Oil yield improved from 60.0 to 65.1 weight percent. The heating value, density, viscosity, and elemental composition of the produced fuel were on par with those of standard petroleum fuels. Using 10% activated alumina, Ates et al. (2005) increased oil output and aromatic content. Williams and Brindle (2003) used Y zeolite catalysts (CBV-400 and CBV-780) and zeolite ZSM-5 to increase the concentrations of aromatics, naphthalenes, and alkylated naphthalenes.

Tyre pyrolysis plant types

1. Continuous waste tyre pyrolysis plant

In this closed-loop system, waste tyres are fed directly into the furnace, where they are treated until final goods are produced. A tyre pyrolysis tank plant can operate nonstop for weeks or even months. Because of their compact arrangement, these plants are also regarded as eco-friendly.

Process of continuous waste tyre pyrolysis plant

Let’s discuss the pyrolysis process of waste tyres. Before being sent to the horizontal reactor, the scrap tyres and plastics will be transported through the auto feeding system. At a temperature of over 100 to 120 degrees Celsius, the anaerobic process of pyrolysis of waste tyres and plastic will begin. Vapors will form and then proceed to various condensing systems to produce oil. They are carried directly to the oil tank by a pipeline. 

A secondary fire retardant damper will also form and transmit a portion of the non-condensed gas to the hot air circulation heating system. This non-condensed gas can either be released into the air after passing through our wet scrubber system or utilized in the plant by adequately storing it for heating purposes. Thus, around 50-60 tons of waste can be recycled to obtain the required yield of products.

2. Batch waste tyre pyrolysis plant

As its name implies, the batch waste tyre pyrolysis plant handles the batch-wise treatment of tyre wastes. It has higher overhead costs and is less environmentally friendly. Nevertheless, a plant of this type produces goods of a higher caliber. The raw material, i.e., waste tyres are not fed immediately to the furnace or boiler for processing, in contrast to the Continuous Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plant. Instead, they undergo pre-processing by shredding and are made into a 10 Mesh powder before being heated.

The primary distinction between batch type and continuous tyre pyrolysis plants is that the former must be stopped after each process lasts 16 to 20 hours per day to remove by-products like carbon and re-feed scrap tyres. At the same time, the latter is run continuously for numerous batches without any interruptions. While “continuous type plants” process significant quantities of material ranging from 10 to 100 tonnes, “batch type plants” process a maximum of 12 tonnes daily. Therefore, only continuous waste tyre plants can be effective for government initiatives or large-scale waste tyre dealing businesses. While continuous-type plants are highly automated and less reliant on human resources, batch-type plants have minimal automation and are primarily human-operated.

Process of Batch waste tyre pyrolysis plant

In a batch waste pyrolysis plant, the inlet is closed to stop gas flow after mechanical tyre waste is fed into the reactor.

The cracking reaction begins when the reactor is generally 200-300 degrees, and the waste tires vaporize into oil vapor.

The hydrocarbons that enter the condensing system are converted to oil and liquefied before being collected in the tank unit.

The reactor will be cooled after oil production is completed. When the temperature falls below 40 degrees, the wires and carbon black will be removed automatically or manually.

Advantages and disadvantages of tyre pyrolysis 

Advantages

• Waste tyres and plastic scrap, both widely accessible worldwide, are the primary raw materials for the waste tyre/plastic pyrolysis plant.
• There is 100% recycling of waste tires; no material is left behind at the end of the process.
• It’s a technologically viable option with low startup costs, abundant material availability, rapid return on investment, and a promising future.

Disadvantages 

• Unqualified waste plastic pyrolysis plants pollute the air and land because they do not adhere to environmental emission regulations.
• Since pyrolysis technology is a chemical project, you must lawfully obtain a permit to do such a project in your area. It will demand time and energy.

The main products obtained are:

Tyre Pyrolysis Oil (TPO)	Oil is combined with light diesel oil, which can be used in boiler companies, rolling mills, casting industries, Asphalt plants, etc.
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)	Used in ink or cement industries
Hydrocarbon Syn-Gas	Hydrocarbon gas can either be processed through a wet scrubber system to create harmless smoke discharged into the atmosphere or retained and utilized again in the same facility for heating purposes.

Parts and accessories used in tyre pyrolysis plant

NO.	Name	Functions
1	Auto-feeder	Used to feed the raw material into a pyrolysis reactor.
2	Pyrolysis reactor	This is where the material is heated and pyrolyzed.
3	Buffer tank	Used to buffer the large amount of oil gas produced and ensure smooth operation.
4	Oil tank	Used to store the obtained fuel oil.
5	Two vertical condensers	Used to cool oil gas.
6	Oil-water separator	Filter and clean the oil gas, preventing the backflow.
7	Two horizontal condensers	Used to cool oil gas.
8	Two cooling tower	Used to cool oil gas.
9	Tail gas cleaning and odor removal system	Used to clean and remove the odor of tail gas.
10	Desulfurization & purification tower	Used to purify the smoke.
11	Wind conveying system	Used to collect carbon black.
12	Grinding machine	Used for further processing of carbon black, refined grinding powder.

Tyre pyrolysis process of waste tyres

Tyre pyrolysis is the process of converting used tyres into products like steel wire, carbon black, and fuel oil. Green technology is the best way to address the pollution caused by used tyres.

How does pyrolysis work?

• To prepare for shredding the tyres, use the wire drawing equipment to remove the tyre wire.
• To obtain little pieces of tyres, secondly, feed tyres without harsh steel wire into a tyre shredder; shredded tyres are simple to pyrolyze;
• Third, a closed continuous feeder is used to feed the shredded tyres into the pyrolysis reactor and heat them with fuel. This step can lower labor costs and investment by using automatic feeding.
• Fourth, oil gas is produced when the pyrolysis reactor is heated to a particular temperature. Oil gas then passes through a three-stage cooling system, which includes a cooling tower, a horizontal condenser, and a vertical condenser, to be cooled down to obtain oil and enter oil tanks;
• Five, after being cleaned by a tail gas cleaning and odor removal system, the non-condensable gas leaving the cooling tower can be recycled to heat the reactor;
• Sixth, smoke will be produced during fuel combustion and can be released after being cleaned up by a smoke cleaning system; 
• Seventh, the carbon screw conveyor can finally collect the carbon black in the pyrolysis reactor.

Waste tyre pyrolysis plant cost

Waste tyre pyrolysis can provide enormous profits for the business because of the rising energy demand, and  the cost of constructing a waste tyre pyrolysis to fuel plant is primarily broken down into four components:-

Cost of Machine	Machines for pyrolyzing waste tyres into fuel range in size from 500 kg to 60 t and cost from 18,000 USD to 65,000 USD. Additionally, the price may change based on the configurations you choose to satisfy your needs for automation, energy efficiency, environmental protection, and other factors.
Cost of freight	One 40’HC container is all that is required to ship a 500 kg waste tyre pyrolysis to a fuel machine; two 40’HC containers are required to ship a 1 t waste tyre pyrolysis to a fuel machine; and at least one 40’HC and one 40’FR container are required to ship a 10/12/15 t waste tyre pyrolysis to fuel machine, with the freight of the 40’FR container being roughly three to four times that of the 40′ However, freight to different nations and freight to the same country at various periods are also different.
Cost of installation	You’ll need to hire technicians when you install the waste tyre pyrolysis on the fuel machine. Hence, you must pay the wages of our engineer and our employees.
Cost of factory/land	Before installing the waste tyre pyrolysis to the fuel machine, you must prepare a factory or site. For a modest 500 kg or 1 t machine, you will need 30-40 sq meters of land, and this is just for the machine; you also need to think about material storage and finished product storage. You would require at least 30x15m of land to fuel the machine for a standard 10/12/15t waste tyre pyrolysis.

We have now discussed tyre pyrolysis, including how it operates, the many types of plants, and how much it costs to set them up. Let’s now discuss the results of the process. The four main products of tire pyrolysis by weight/volume in descending order are-

•  fuel oil, 
• carbon char, 
• steel wire and 
• gas.

Tyre pyrolysis oil

One of the beneficial components produced by pyrolyzing used tyres is tyre pyrolysis oil, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Tyre pyrolysis oil used as a fuel in combustion systems is a viable method for recycling waste tyres due to its high energy density (HHV 43 MJ/kg). The oil contains compounds made of several hydrocarbons, ranging in size from C5 to C20, and it can be utilized as a substitute energy source to assist in minimizing the usage of petroleum fuels and their tendency to become more expensive.

Depending on process conditions, oil makes up approximately 35-45% of pyrolysis output.

Tyre Pyrolysis Oil Specifications

Sr. No.	SPECIFICATIONS	UNITS	TEST RESULTS	STANDARD VALUE
1.	KINEMATIC_VISCOSITY_AT 40°C	CST	9.00	2.4– 15.7
2.	ACIDITY, TOTAL	mgKOH/gm	0.01	NIL
3.	ASH	% BY WT	0.005	0.02
4.	FLASH POINT, COC	°C	40	66 MIN.
5.	WATER CONTENT	% BY WT	NIL	1.0 MAX.
6.	POUR POINT	°C	+ 6	12 – 18
7.	DENSITY AT 27°C	gm/cc	0.907	TO REPORT
8.	SEDIMENTS	% BY MASS	0.02	0.10
9.	TOTAL SULPHUR	% BY MASS	0.65	1.80
10.	COPPER STRIP CORROSION TEST FOR 3 HRS AT 100°C	NO UNITS	1b	1 MAX
11.	GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE	KCAL/KG	10,200	ABV.10000

Tyre pyrolysis oil purification

Since the pyrolysis tyre oil comprises several fractions, we first separate them. Typically, distillation technology is used to accomplish this. The various parts of the pyrolysis tyre oil would be distilled out and separated at multiple temperature levels.

Tyre pyrolysis oil distillation process

In general, the distillation process of tyre pyrolysis oil mainly includes the following steps:

• Feeding: To fill the distillation reactor with tyre pyrolysis oil, turn on the oil pump and fill the reactor before shutting the door.
• Distillation: Activate the burners to begin heating the reactor. As the temperature rises, the oil gas will continue to be distilled out.
• Cooling: The pipeline will allow oil gas to enter the cooling system. After being cooled by the cooling system’s circulating water, oil gas will become liquid oil and enter the oil tank. The circulating water can be recycled, and the oil gas will not come into contact with it.
• Decolorization and deodorization: The liquid oil in the oil tank is pumped through the oil pump into the decolorization and deodorization tanks to remove the wax and gum present therein and the disagreeable smell of the liquid oil.
• Further purification: In most cases, after the last procedure, you already had high-grade diesel. You can add a filtration system if you desire better-quality, light-yellow diesel.

Ultimately, you can acquire 10% asphalt and 85% better-quality diesel. 5% of the exhaust gas can heat the reactor to conserve fuel. Diesel can be used in ship engines, boilers, generators, burners, construction equipment, and other gear. The asphalt can be supplied to asphalt factories or utilized for paving.

Difference between tyre pyrolysis oil and distillation diesel

Tyre pyrolysis oil	Distillation diesel
Waste tyres are pyrolyzed to produce tyre pyrolysis oil as a byproduct. Oil components can be found in waste tyres. When heated inside a pyrolysis facility with no oxygen, waste tyres can be converted into roughly 45% pyrolysis oil, 35% carbon black, and 15% steel wire.	Distillation diesel is the end product of tyre pyrolysis oil after being processed by pyrolysis oil distillation plants. This device may also convert used engine or motor oil into distilled diesel. Distillation, cooling, a decoloring and deodorizing system, and a high diesel production system are all included in the entire refining process.
When exposed to air, Tyre pyrolysis oil produces a thick polymer precipitate and dark brown hue because it contains many unsaturated chemicals, including diolefins and aromatic hydrocarbons.	Distillation diesel is mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and some oxygen. It is tea-yellow or brown.
Tyre pyrolysis oil is a standard industrial fuel that replaces furnace oil or industrial diesel. It is primarily used in machinery that does not require high-quality fuel oil, such as steel factories, boiler heating, cement factories, and heavy oil generators.	If refined, distillation diesel can be produced, which can be used for heavy machinery, heating, diesel generators, etc.

Tyre pyrolysis oil uses

• Directly used as fuel oil: Tyre pyrolysis oil has a high heating value (10592.48 Kcal/kg), making it a direct replacement for fuel oil in industrial or boiler heating systems, such as those in cement plants, steel plants, glass plants, and other similar facilities.
• Used to generate electricity: Electricity is out of reach for some nations because of its limited supply and high cost. In this instance, heavy oil generators can utilize the high-quality tyre pyrolysis oil produced by operating a waste tyre pyrolysis machine. To effectively address the lack of power, electricity can be created from large generators directly and then sold to the national grid. Additionally, some nations provide their consumers with free land and raw materials as subsidies.
• Further processed into diesel: Tyre pyrolysis oil can also be processed to create diesel fuel for heating systems, power plants, and agricultural equipment such as trucks, ships, generators, people lifts, etc.

Tyre pyrolysis oil is crude oil or HFO that may be immediately utilized as industrial fuel. It comes directly from the tyre pyrolysis plant. If diesel fuel is the desired end product, a pyrolysis oil distillation plant is another required manufacturing line.

Tyre pyrolysis carbon black

The second-most important product from the tyre pyrolysis plant is carbon black, which is between thirty and thirty-five percent of the total. A substantial amount of the plant’s income could come from the carbon char made from tyres, which may seem like an economically desirable and valuable product. Contrary to popular belief, carbon char is a difficult commodity to market. The term “carbon char” (also known as “pyrolysis carbon black,” “alternative carbon black,” “recovered carbon black,” or “rCB”) refers to a mixture of carbon, ash, zinc, and sulfur. rCB’s qualities are similar but less desirable than those of high-value virgin grades of rCB. The price of rCB, the plant’s overall profitability, and the profit margins will all be significantly impacted by the degree of purity and level of treatment the finished product requires.

Tyre pyrolysis carbon black properties

The three main properties of  tyre pyrolysis carbon black include:

• Particle size: When carbon black is combined with resins or other carriers, the essential attribute that most influences blackness and dispersibility is the diameter of the spherical particles.In general, the blackness of carbon black increases with decreasing particle size. However, because of an increase in coagulation force, dispersion becomes challenging.
• Structure: The structure’s size impacts the blackness and dispersibility of carbon black, much like particle size does. In general, larger structures have better dispersibility but less darkness. Carbon black with a more complex structure demonstrates a substantial conducting property.
• Surface chemistry: Carbon black’s surface contains several functional groups. The affinity of carbon black for inks or paint varnishes varies depending on the kind and quantity of the functional groups.

Carbon black exhibits good dispersibility and a significantly increased affinity for printing inks or varnishes when a significant amount of hydroxyl groups are added by oxidation.

In short, when these three primary qualities are combined with inks, paints, or resins, they significantly influence practical properties like blackness and dispersibility.

Carbon powder from tyre pyrolysis uses

• Coloring Agent for Ink and Paints: Carbon black is frequently used in newspaper inks, printing inks, India inks, and paints because it has a higher tinting strength than iron black or organic pigments. It is also used as a black pigment in printer ink or toners.

• Shields from UV rays and prevents plastic aging: Carbon black may effectively stop polymers’ photooxidative deterioration when exposed to sunlight due to its excellent light absorption. The experiment shows a perfect UV shielding effect may be obtained at 2% carbon black concentration with a specific fineness. It is frequently used for conductive packaging, films, fibers, moldings, pipes, and semi-conductive cable compounds in products like refuse sacks, industrial bags, photographic containers, agriculture mulch film, stretch wrap, and thermoplastic molding applications for automotive, electrical / electronics, home appliances, and blow-molded containers.

• Electric Conductive Agent: The crystal structure of carbon black particles is similar to that of graphite, which allows for good electrical conductivity. As a result, carbon black is a standard conductive filler that is added to paints, elastomers, pastes, films, and plastics.

• Automobile gasoline caps and fuel: intake pipelines, for instance, must be electrically conductive to prevent static. Carbon black is a highly effective antistatic agent.

Tyre pyrolysis gas

The percentage of gas produced by tyre pyrolysis is the smallest. The gas generated during the thermal breakdown has a calorific value that is high enough to power the process. As a result, most pyrolysis facilities are nearly energy-self-sufficient, and some can even generate electricity. Pyrolysis gas, also known as residual gas, is typically burned either inside the reactor or in the turbine. Due to complexity and purification issues, the gas cannot be sold as fuel. Consequently, there is a better way to turn it into power. Gas and heating oil can significantly increase the commercial viability of a tyre pyrolysis plant, given the current high cost of electricity.

Tyre pyrolysis gas composition

Tyre pyrolysis gases comprise CO, CO₂, H₂S, hydrocarbons such as CH4, C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, etc., and their unsaturated derivatives.

S.No	Gas type	Composition at different reactor temperatures (°c)
		500	600	600-800	above 800
1	CH4	24.18	7.12	8.63	9.4
2	CO	6.24	0.38	0.65	0.82
3	CO2	8.23	0.18	0.19	0.21
4	C2H4	7.4	5.33	6.8	4.48
5	C2H6	9.28	0.2	0.48	0.56
6	C2H2	–	0.29	0.36	0.89
7	C3H8	6.21	0.71	0.97	0.52
8	C4H10	18.28	0.59	0.62	0.39
9	H2	11.71	6.95	12.31	18.1

Tyre pyrolysis waste

• Waste gas: In the process of waste tyre pyrolysis, two types of waste emissions are created. The first is the tail gas created in the pyrolysis reactor as the waste tyre is pyrolyzed. The exhaust gas produced when heating the pyrolysis reactor is the other. Non-condensing but combustible gas is the first kind of waste gas, and it will be used once more to heat the pyrolysis reactor. A flue gas purification system, which consists of a desulfurization and purification tower, a pulse dust collection, and a water dust scrubber, will purify the second type of exhaust gas.

• Wastewater: All the water used in the waste tyre pyrolysis facility is circulated. There is no discharge of wastewater.

• Waste solid: Carbon black is the residue left in the pyrolysis reactor of a waste tyre pyrolysis plant. It is a by-product of the pyrolysis of used tyre waste. It can be directly sold, compacted into briquettes for fuel, or powdered into powder to create pigments.

What is the environmental impact of waste tyre pyrolysis plants?

The environment has long been a concern in modern living. Waste tyre pyrolysis plants turn waste tyres into fuel oil, which is beneficial to preventing waste tyre pollution. Perhaps you’re interested in learning whether secondary pollution will be created during waste tyre pyrolysis plant processing. Short answer: No, when done correctly, it is not harmful.

To start, let’s look into the reasons why production plants can be harmful to the environment.

1. Incomplete pyrolysis

Even with clean, virgin wood, partial pyrolysis produces dioxins, hexanes, and furans when there is insufficient gas treatment at the exit. If this occurs due to subpar quality control, the syngas must first be burned at a high temperature before being expelled. This prevents any hazardous substances from leaving the plant.

2. No gas recycling

The syngas from almost all pyrolysis processes must be recycled. Without it, pyrolysis would consume a lot of fuel. Most technologies have already accomplished this by saving money and the environment. But those that don’t recycle their syngas, such as small, homegrown technology or ancient systems, let these gases escape and fuel climate change. This indicates that atmospheric releases could increase twofold rather than being carbon neutral, due in part to the usage of fossil fuels and in part to the avoidance of using the fuel that is created. Therefore, even if they produce biochar, modest home-based pyrolysis systems or ancient techniques frequently perceived as good for the environment may cause environmental harm.

3. High oxygen entrance

Pyrolysis, as defined, is the heating of carbonaceous material in a condition where oxygen is virtually absent. This process enables the recycling and use of carbon in solid, liquid, and/or gaseous phases. In some technologies, the pyrolysis procedure might include a specific amount of oxygen. When a lot of oxygen enters the process at very high temperatures, we call it combustion or incineration. It is not pyrolysis. At this point, the energetic byproducts produced in the form of solids or gases are burned, and the energy is squandered unless it is recovered to produce electricity or other forms of energy. All of the carbon in the feedstock is released during combustion and incineration, mainly as CO2, into the environment. Therefore, using this energy is essential to counterbalance the gaseous emissions to the atmosphere.

4. Tyre pyrolysis explosion

There will be a risk of explosion if a technology unexpectedly permits a burst of oxygen in the system due to a defect or manipulation. Modern systems incorporate security features (typically three or more) to counteract this.

5. Inappropriate storage and transport

Care must be taken from another angle when handling, storing, and transporting char or other liquids like oil, tar, and wood vinegar. Since char is frequently flammable, putting it in exposed containers or piling it outside may cause fires. It is well known that flames cause pollution, partly because of the particles they emit, which could be hazardous to human and animal health. Black carbon, char, biochar, and biocoal can all produce a lot of dust. Despite not being immediately hazardous, airborne particles encourage smog and pollution. Thus tyre pyrolysis products should be handled, treated, stored, and transported in a way that is safe for both the environment and the population.

Conclusion

Tyre pyrolysis is gaining popularity as a safe, effective, and environmentally friendly method of recycling used tyres. It is a circular solution that can address the issue of tyre trash while supplying many sectors with highly demanded inputs. Tyre pyrolysis promotes circularity, replacing fossil-based raw materials with sustainable substitutes and lessening the environmental effect of the process.

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Frequently asked questions

Question 1:   At what temperature does pyrolysis occur

Answer: The pyrolysis process is the thermal decomposition of a wide range of chemicals or materials at temperatures between 400 and 800 °C in an oxygen-free atmosphere or with very little oxygen.

Question 2:  Is tyre pyrolysis profitable?

Answer: Investing in a pyrolysis plant for waste recycling is profitable. Pyrolysis plant technology can be implemented with less financial outlay, an ample supply of raw materials, a rapid return on investment, and a promising future. This makes it the best investment option. In addition to economic benefits, it is also good for the environment.

Question 3: What are the advantages of tyre pyrolysis?

Answer:

• Waste tyres and plastic debris are the primary raw materials for the waste tyre recycling pyrolysis plant, and they are widely accessible everywhere in the world.
• Waste tyres yield valuable output products, such as Pyrolysis Oil, Carbon black powder, Scrap steel wires, and Gas, which are in great demand in the market nowadays.
• The pyrolysis plant process is pollution-free, thus creating an eco-friendly environment.

Question 4: What are the problems with pyrolysis?

Answer:

• Low oil yield
• The standard pyrolysis time is about 8 hours, but if the water content of the tire is too high, the pyrolysis time will reach 10 hours or more. 
• Overloading will cause reactor instability. Therefore, the feed must adhere to the specifications and cannot be overloaded.

Question 5:  Can pyrolysis oil replace diesel?

Answer: Researchers have been working hard to develop combustible pyrolysis oil from waste plastic or tyre material as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. According to the economic study, pyrolysis oil can replace diesel in terms of engine performance and energy output if it costs less than 85% of diesel oil.